What is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer starts in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus. This type of cancer can affect women of all ages. However, it is most common in women over 30. Early detection is important because it can help save lives. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. Yet, many women do not know about it or its risks. For this reason, learning about cervical cancer is key to staying healthy.
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
Often, cervical cancer does not cause symptoms in its early stages. But as it grows, some signs may appear. Knowing these symptoms can help you seek help early. For example, you should watch for:Unusual vaginal bleeding, such as after sex or between periodsHeavier or longer periods than usualPain during sexPelvic pain or discomfortUnusual vaginal discharge
Still, these symptoms can also be caused by other health issues. Therefore, it is important to talk to your doctor if you notice any changes.
Causes and Risk Factors
Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus spreads through sexual contact. However, not everyone with HPV will get cervical cancer. Some risk factors can increase your chances, such as:Having many sexual partnersStarting sexual activity at a young ageSmoking tobaccoHaving a weak immune systemLong-term use of birth control pillsNot getting regular Pap tests
Even so, you can lower your risk by making healthy choices and getting screened.
Diagnosis Methods
Doctors use several ways to find out if you have cervical cancer. Early diagnosis can make treatment easier. So, how is cervical cancer diagnosed? Common methods include:Pap test: This test checks for changes in cervical cells.HPV test: This test looks for the virus that can cause cervical cancer.Colposcopy: The doctor uses a special tool to look closely at the cervix.Biopsy: A small sample of tissue is taken and checked for cancer cells.
If you have symptoms or abnormal test results, your doctor may suggest more tests. Early detection is key to better outcomes, according to the CDC.
Treatment Options
Cervical cancer treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and your overall health. Your doctor will help you choose the best plan. Common treatments include:Surgery: Removing cancerous tissue or the cervixRadiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cellsChemotherapy: Using drugs to destroy cancer cellsTargeted therapy: Using medicines that attack cancer cells directly
Sometimes, doctors use more than one treatment. For example, surgery may be followed by radiation or chemotherapy. Each treatment has its own risks and benefits. Therefore, it is important to discuss your options with a gynecologic oncology specialist.
Prevention Tips
Preventing cervical cancer is possible in many cases. You can lower your risk by following these tips:Get the HPV vaccine as recommendedHave regular Pap and HPV testsPractice safe sex by using condomsAvoid smokingLimit the number of sexual partners
In addition, teaching young people about HPV and safe choices can help reduce future cases. The WHO recommends vaccination for girls and boys before they become sexually active.
Lifestyle Guidance for Patients
Living with cervical cancer can be challenging. Still, many women lead full lives during and after treatment. Here are some helpful tips:Eat a balanced diet with fruits and vegetablesStay active, but rest when neededJoin a support group for emotional helpKeep all medical appointments and follow your doctor’s adviceTalk openly with your care team about any side effects
Remember, you are not alone. Many resources are available to help you and your family cope.
In summary, cervical cancer can be prevented and treated if found early. For personalized advice on cervical cancer, consult a gynecologic oncology specialist.