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Cervical Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

What is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer starts in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus. This cancer grows slowly, but it can be serious if not found early. Many women do not notice symptoms at first. However, regular cervical cancer screening can help find changes before cancer develops. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Early signs of cervical cancer may not be obvious. Still, it is important to watch for changes. If you notice any of these symptoms, talk to your doctor:

  • Unusual vaginal bleeding, such as after sex or between periods
  • Pain during sex
  • Pelvic pain
  • Unusual vaginal discharge

    • Sometimes, these signs can be caused by other health problems. Even so, it is best to get checked if you have any concerns.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    The main cause of cervical cancer is infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV and cervical cancer are closely linked. Most people get HPV at some point, but only some develop cancer. Other risk factors include:

  • Smoking
  • Having many sexual partners
  • Starting sexual activity at a young age
  • Weakened immune system
  • Long-term use of birth control pills
  • Family history of cervical cancer

    • Because HPV is so common, preventing cervical cancer often starts with HPV vaccination and safe practices.

    Diagnosis Methods

    Doctors use several tests to find cervical cancer. Early detection is key. Common diagnosis methods include:

  • Pap smear (Pap test): This test checks for changes in cervical cells.
  • HPV test: This test looks for the virus that can cause cell changes.
  • Colposcopy: If results are abnormal, doctors may look at the cervix with a special lens.
  • Biopsy: A small sample of tissue is taken to check for cancer cells.

    • Regular cervical cancer screening helps find problems early, when treatment works best.

    Treatment Options

    Treatment for cervical cancer depends on the stage and your health. Your doctor will explain the best plan for you. Common treatment options include:

  • Surgery to remove cancer
  • Radiation therapy to kill cancer cells
  • Chemotherapy to stop cancer growth
  • Targeted therapy or immunotherapy in some cases

    • Sometimes, doctors use more than one treatment. Early-stage cervical cancer often has better outcomes.

    Prevention Strategies

    Preventing cervical cancer is possible. Here are some proven ways to lower your risk:

  • Get the HPV vaccine, which protects against the main virus types that cause cancer
  • Have regular Pap smears and HPV tests as recommended
  • Practice safe sex by using condoms
  • Do not smoke, as smoking increases risk

    • According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), these steps can greatly reduce your chances of getting cervical cancer.

    Lifestyle Guidance for Patients

    Living with cervical cancer can be challenging. However, healthy habits can help you feel better and support your treatment. Consider these tips:

  • Eat a balanced diet with fruits and vegetables
  • Stay active, even with gentle exercise
  • Get enough rest and manage stress
  • Follow your doctor’s advice and attend all appointments
  • Seek support from friends, family, or support groups

    • Remember, you are not alone. Many women have faced cervical cancer and found help along the way.

    Conclusion

    Cervical cancer can be prevented and treated, especially when found early. Regular screening, HPV vaccination, and healthy choices make a big difference.If you have questions or notice symptoms, don’t delay care. Consult Dr Pavani’s Clinic for personalised guidance on cervical cancer prevention, evaluation, and care.